Creality 3D Printers/Resin/Filament Sale: Creality Ender 3 V2 3D Printer Expired

Start with PLA. It's the easiest material to use, the most common material that people you ask for help will have experience with, and where pretty much everyone starts. Some "PLA+" blends are good if you need the ease of PLA but need the printed items to be a bit tougher. Expect to pay about $20 for cheap but decent PLA, and about $30 for higher quality PLA (more consistent filament width, etc. so tighter accuracy). Hatchbox is great for cheap but good quality PLA. Duramic is an excellent if slightly lesser known brand for PLA+, and it's the same price as cheaper PLA. Paramount3D PLA is slightly more like PLA+ than regular PLA, and the price is less than it should be; they have incredible colors too.

Definitely upgrade to a direct drive system for TPU and PETG. TPU is flexible, which makes it hard to print without direct drive. PETG is stringy, but using a direct drive system helps substantial. PETG is hard and tough.

Get an enclosure in order to work with ABS and ASA. ABS is basically "normal plastic" that you see in everyday items. ASA is basically ABS but with better resistance to the elements, so it's good if you need to put a printed item outdoors. These materials need to slowly cool, otherwise they will warp; put the printer in an enclosure to contain the heat and any toxic gases from printing ABS.

Forget Nylon unless you make so many upgrades that the printer is about 50% upgrades and 200% as expensive after the upgrades. You probably don't need to ever print Nylon or other industrial strength materials though. ABS/ASA and PETG are usually tough enough.